The foundations of structures for offshore wind and wave energy projects can serve as artificial reefs and boost local populations of fish, crabs and blue mussels, according to a recently published dissertation.
Dan Wilhelmsson of Stockholm University’s Zoology Department found that the seabed around wind turbines had higher densities of fish compared with areas further from the turbines and in reference areas, according to the report in Science News.
Wilhelmsson says,
Hard surfaces are often hard currency in the ocean, and these foundations can function as artificial reefs. Rock boulders are often placed around the structures to prevent erosion (scouring) around these, and this strengthens the reef function.
Wave power foundations also attract fish and large crabs and lobsters settle under the foundations. When holes are drilled in the foundations, the crab population increased dramatically.
Still, the predatory animals that are attracted by the artificial reefs can significantly decrease, and even wipe out, other species nearby. Wilhelmsson believes that the foundations can even be designed to favor certain species or to reduce reef effects in certain area.