A workshop for nuclear & energy security experts, organised by the JRC Institute for Energy (IE) on 26-27 April, aimed to explore, discuss and debate the challenges and solutions for the global energy sector. While energy demand is still rising, the evidence is clear that CO2 emissions must be reduced globally. Abundant, affordable, and environmentally responsible energy must be developed to meet that demand. Nuclear power, as a secure alternative to fossil fuels, has technical risks and lack of public acceptance. How can it help Europe to solve the energy challenge?