{"id":320760,"date":"2010-02-14T18:18:40","date_gmt":"2010-02-14T23:18:40","guid":{"rendered":"tag:www.armscontrolwonk.com,2010-02-14:57f256023a9af1385990be02cc9db91e\/c531a736689def6e777452096642ee6f"},"modified":"2010-02-14T18:18:40","modified_gmt":"2010-02-14T23:18:40","slug":"consensus-emerges-on-irans-centrifuges-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/320760","title":{"rendered":"Consensus Emerges on Iran&#8217;s Centrifuges [15]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>An announcement. (Sound of a fork tapping a glass.) Ladies and gentlemen &#8212; may I have your attention?<\/p>\n<p>Ladies and gentlemen, although there were no armistice talks, the <span class=\"caps\">SWU<\/span> Wars have ended in a truce. The experts have reached a consensus, roughly speaking, about the actual separative power of Iran&#8217;s IR-1 gas centrifuges &#8212; the devices enriching uranium at the Natanz Fuel Enrichment Plant (<span class=\"caps\">FEP<\/span>) and Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant (<span class=\"caps\">PFEP<\/span>). (The latter facility has been <a href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrolwonk.com\/2624\/iran-produces-heu\">in the news<\/a> lately.)<\/p>\n<p>It looks like this:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrolwonk.com\/images\/1723.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Perhaps you&#8217;d like more explanation than that?<\/p>\n<p>Faithful readers will recall that this subject has been covered here previously (see: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrolwonk.com\/2557\/estimating-swu-with-expert-opinion\">Estimating <span class=\"caps\">SWU<\/span> with Expert Opinion<\/a>, December 6, 2009, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrolwonk.com\/2592\/ir-1-estimates-revisited\">IR-1 Estimates Revisited<\/a>, January 18, 2010). The discussions summarized therein involved some disagreements &#8212; strong ones, at times.<\/p>\n<p>But now, way down in <a href=\"http:\/\/isis-online.org\/isis-reports\/detail\/irans-gas-centrifuge-program-taking-stock\/#10\">Section 10<\/a> of a new <span class=\"caps\">ISIS<\/span> paper dated February 11, 2010, <a href=\"http:\/\/isis-online.org\/isis-reports\/detail\/irans-gas-centrifuge-program-taking-stock\/\">Iran&#8217;s Gas Centrifuge Program: Taking Stock<\/a>, David Albright and Christina Walrond conclude that &#8220;the average separative capacity&#8221; of an individual IR-1 at the <span class=\"caps\">FEP<\/span> in Natanz is between 0.5 and 1.0 kg <span class=\"caps\">SWU<\/span>\/yr. <\/p>\n<p>As a result, the experts&#8217; estimates, depicted in the figure above, now largely overlap.<\/p>\n<p>(There&#8217;s no significance to how high or low each estimate is placed in the histogram &#8212; that&#8217;s purely an aesthetic choice.) <\/p>\n<p>In effect, we&#8217;ve just seen a slow-motion, public version of a &#8220;behavioral&#8221; approach to expert consensus: the question is argued until the participants converge, or as much as they&#8217;re willing. This is probably not the ideal approach, as there is evidence that a purely mathematical combination of initial estimates produces a better result. On the other hand, what happened is what happened. And, despite my <a href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrolwonk.com\/2557\/estimating-swu-with-expert-opinion\">original take<\/a>, it seems better not to try to aggregate numbers when none of the experts has stated the level of confidence surrounding their estimates (e.g., 90%, 95%, or 99%). With that caveat, though, there&#8217;s no reason not to draw a picture like the one above.<\/p>\n<p>So here are the estimates that are represented visually above. <\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Author(s) <\/th>\n<th>Data source(s) <\/th>\n<th>kg <span class=\"caps\"><span class=\"caps\">SWU<\/span><\/span>\/yr <\/th>\n<th>Date<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#ddd;\">\n<td> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrolverification.org\/2009\/02\/progress-at-natanz-reposted.html\">Persbo<\/a> <\/td>\n<td> Cascades operating between 27 and 36% of total capacity (based on 2.2 kg <span class=\"caps\"><span class=\"caps\">SWU<\/span><\/span>\/yr. nominal) <\/td>\n<td> 0.59 to 0.79 <\/td>\n<td> 2\/27\/09 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iranwatch.org\/ourpubs\/articles\/iranucleartimetable.html#p\">Wisconsin Project<\/a> <\/td>\n<td> <span class=\"caps\"><span class=\"caps\">IAEA<\/span><\/span> reports <\/td>\n<td> 0.5 <\/td>\n<td> 11\/16\/09 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#ddd;\">\n<td> <a href=\"http:\/\/fas.org\/policy\/_docs\/2009-12-02-fordow.pdf\">Oelrich &#38; Barzashka<\/a> (<span class=\"caps\"><span class=\"caps\">FAS<\/span><\/span>) <\/td>\n<td> <span class=\"caps\"><span class=\"caps\">IAEA<\/span><\/span> reports <\/td>\n<td> 0.44 to 0.88 (0.88 is highly unlikely) <\/td>\n<td> 12\/1\/09 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.armscontrolwonk.com\/2550\/iran-compliance-in-defiance#comment\">Kemp<\/a> <\/td>\n<td> <span class=\"caps\"><span class=\"caps\">IAEA<\/span><\/span> reports <\/td>\n<td> 0.6 to 0.9 <\/td>\n<td> 12\/1\/09 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background:#ddd;\">\n<td> <a href=\"http:\/\/isis-online.org\/isis-reports\/detail\/irans-gas-centrifuge-program-taking-stock\/\">Albright &#38; Walrond<\/a> (<span class=\"caps\"><span class=\"caps\">ISIS<\/span><\/span>) <\/td>\n<td> Multiple sources <\/td>\n<td> 0.5 to 1.0 <\/td>\n<td> 2\/11\/10 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\nA final caveat: Consensus is in the eye of the beholder, and not everyone involved in this debate would necessarily agree that it has concluded, or concluded appropriately. (See also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fas.org\/blog\/ssp\/2010\/02\/flight-testing-a-centrifuge.php\">the view<\/a> of Ivan Oelrich and Ivanka Barzashka of <span class=\"caps\">FAS<\/span>.) I could certainly imagine ways to do this better.<\/br><\/p>\n<p>But for now, it will do. On to the IR-3 and IR-4, should they ever <a href=\"http:\/\/www.memri.org\/report\/en\/0\/0\/0\/0\/0\/0\/3969.htm\">go beyond testing<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Interviewer: &#8220;P2 centrifuges?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Ali-Akbar Salehi: &#8220;P3, P4, Allah willing. We will announce this in two months&#8217; time.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Interviewer: &#8220;Iran is currently enriching uranium using P1 centrifuges, but it announced that it began experimenting with P2. Has Iran actually begun enriching uranium using the P2 centrifuges?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Ali-Akbar Salehi: &#8220;Not yet. But Allah willing, in two months, we will experiment with P3 and P4, and after that, we will announce the steps we will take.&#8221; <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>So far, at least, the new machines are just spin jobs&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Update | Feb. 17.<\/strong> The <a href=\"http:\/\/latimesblogs.latimes.com\/babylonbeyond\/2010\/02\/iran-ahmadinejad-speaks-in-lengthy-press-conference-press-nuclear-israel-revolutionary-guard-iranelection.html\">latest<\/a> from Iranian President Ahmadinejad:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p> We&#8217;ve tested the new generation of our centrifuges whose capacity is five times that of the current centrifuges. We&#8217;ll run them in the near future in order to supply fuel to our power plants and reactors. We keep our 20% production until our needs are met. The <span class=\"caps\">IAEA<\/span> inspectors are well aware of our work.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/feeds.feedburner.com\/~r\/acw\/~4\/0u9NA4fjrGU\" height=\"1\" width=\"1\"\/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An announcement. (Sound of a fork tapping a glass.) Ladies and gentlemen &#8212; may I have your attention? Ladies and gentlemen, although there were no armistice talks, the SWU Wars have ended in a truce. The experts have reached a consensus, roughly speaking, about the actual separative power of Iran&#8217;s IR-1 gas centrifuges &#8212; the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3965,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-320760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3965"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=320760"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320760\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=320760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=320760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mereja.media\/index\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=320760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}