We also have the comment that brick making is thought to date back ten thousand years in the Middle East. I presume that they are referring to adobe. I think that evidence should pin that down rather well. Even adobe makes brick artifacts whenever a building burns down.
Beyond that brick was surely used to replace wood wherever it became unavailable and not because it was a superior way to build. This suggests that the appearance of brick establishes when excessive cutting had stripped local woodlands.
We underestimate today the extent of mankind’s destruction of woodlands. Wood is the convenient fuel of choice everywhere and its harvest from the commons naturally denudes the countryside. I have never seen any reference to a practice of controlled cutting, however easy that might be to implement. It seems far too easy to let it all just happen.
This also cleared the environs of an ancient city for local defense and local gardens.
There would come a point in which the value as fuel would exceed the value as building material and the switch to mud brick would be underway.
We today associate the Middle East and North Africa with dry deserts. I think that this region was certainly dry but also mostly well forested. I suspect that it was even well forested because woodlands hold a huge carbon inventory that trap nutrients and support a natural water holding framework.
This can and should all be restored, mostly by tackling the hillsides where nothing presently grows.
The rise of brick is a response to the loss of wood supplies and happened world wide in semi arid lands.
China Discovers Old Bricks Made 7,000 Years Ago
2010-02-20 22:19:42 Xinhua Web Editor: Zhang
Bricks dating back 5,000 to 7,000 years have been unearthed in northwest China‘s Shaanxi Province, adding between 1,000 to 2,000 years onto Chinese brick-making history, archaeologists claimed Saturday.
“The five calcined bricks were unearthed from a site of the Yangshao Culture Period dating 5,000 to 7,000 years ago. Previously, the oldest known bricks in the country were more than 4,000 years old,” Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology researcher Yang Yachang said.
The bricks, including three red ones and two gray ones, all uncompleted, Yang said. The site under excavation is located at Liaoyuan Village of Baqiao District, and Huaxu Town, Lantian County of Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province.
Yangshao Culture is a Neolithic culture that flourished along the Yellow River, which runs across China from west to east. The culture was named after Yangshao, the name of the first village discovered of the culture, in 1921 in central China‘s Henan Province.
Archaeologists used to believe the ceramics were applied to architecture in the Shang Dynasty (1600 B.C-1100 B.C.), which had been proved wrong by the new discovery, Yang said.
The smooth surface and rough surface of most well preserved red bricks are vertical to each other, and the rough surface was designed to be stuck to other materials, Yang said.
“It is still unknown whether the bricks were in a square or rectangle shape as none of them are complete,” he said.
The site, called Lantian New Street Site and covering an area of more than 200,000 square meters, was to be cut through by a new highway, said Shao Jing, assistant researcher of the institute.
The salvage excavation was launched in August 2009. As of February, more than 2,300 square meters had been excavated, Shao said.
More than 150 sites, including houses, ash pits, ash grooves and kilns, had been found in the area, Shao said.
“The bricks were all discovered in ash pits, which were garbage containers for the ancient people. For the modern archaeologist, these garbage containers are treasure troves of artifacts,” she said.
The world’s oldest unearthed bricks date back 8,000 to 10,000 years. They were discovered in Middle East and they were adobes which had not been calcined. Thus, the brick-making history of human kind should be about 10,000 years, Yang Yachang said.
Ah, the above is what passes for the wit and wisdom of Howard Kurtz. Washington Post’s village meme-enforcer and Michelle Malkin’s enabler. And with the hiring of Bush torturer lover Marc Thiessen his words are as accurate as ever.
Google made some huge waves in January when it announced that it no longer wants to run a censored search engine in the country. There were those that questioned the company’s motives but overall, the move got wide support in the US and internationally. Since then though, not much has happened, nothing has happened, in fact, by official accounts. Unofficial… (
