Author: Marijke Durning, RN

  • Extended Nicotine Patch Helps Smokers Quit

    “It’s the hardest thing I’ve ever done.”

    “It’s harder than quitting drugs.”

    “I’ve tried and tried and I just can’t stop.”

    “I feel like a loser because I can’t quit.”

    As a smoker, have you ever said anything like that? As someone who loves a smoker, have you ever heard someone say anything like that?

    cigaretteQuitting smoking is one of the most difficult things many people ever do. Sure, we all hear of people who quit cold turkey on Monday and by Wednesday, they know they’ll never touch another cigarette again, but that’s not the norm. The tobacco companies have the smokers so hooked that millions and millions of dollars are spent on quit-smoking materials and programs. Most is wasted at the moment though, since it’s often said that it takes about 7 tries before a smoker really, seriously stops smoking.

    A new study out of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine says that using a nicotine replacement patch for 24 days instead of the usual 8 days increases the chances of success significantly. The patch not only helps smokes quit, but it often helps smokers who fall back into their habits.

    The study, which was published in the most recent issue of Annals of Internal Medicine, looked at 568 adult smokers who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day for at least the past year. The study subjects were randomly assigned to standard therapy with Nicoderm, 21 mg, for 8 weeks and placebo for 16 weeks or the extended therapy with Nicoderm CQ, 21 mg, for 24 weeks.

    The researchers found that at the end of the 24-week study, the smokers who were in the extended Nicoderm group were about twice as likely to have been successful in their quitting smoking than those who received a placebo patch after the eighth week of the stud

    The benefits also helped those who relapsed during the study and began smoking again.  The smokers on extended therapy abstained from cigarettes for longer, and were more likely to stop smoking again even if they relapsed.

    Unfortunately, this difference didn’t show up after one year. The researchers followed up with the study subjects after 52 weeks and there was no difference in those who continued to be non-smokers. Those who had the extended treatment showed a 14.5% non-smoking rate while the others a 14.3% rate.

    ~~~

    Image: MorgueFile.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Extended Nicotine Patch Helps Smokers Quit

  • Heart Patients & Herbal Remedies Danger

    Herbal remedies are increasingly common as some people try to limit their consumption of prescription medications and turn to more natural options. The problem is, natural doesn’t necessarily mean safe or safe for you, particularly if you have other issues, such as heart disease.

    garlic_IMG_8752_Statistics show that more than 15 million Americans reportedly use herbal remedies or high-dose vitamins. Of course, the number could be higher because not everyone reports what they take. Researchers from the Mayo Clinic decided to review the use of natural supplements and their interaction with heart disease medications to see what types of concerns, if any, doctors and patients should have. In the case of people with heart disease, natural supplements can affect the efficacy of the medications and cause heart irregularities, called arrhythmias.

    Examples include:

    • St. John’s wort, which is typically used to treat depression, anxiety and sleep disorders among other problems, reduces the effectiveness of medications contributing to recurrences of arrhythmia, high blood pressure or increase in blood cholesterol levels and risk for future heart problems.
    • Ginkgo biloba, which is supposedly used to improve circulation or sharpen the mind, increases bleeding risk in those taking warfarin or aspirin.
    • Garlic, which supposedly helps boost the immune system and is commonly used for its cholesterol and blood pressure lowering properties, can also increase the risk of bleeding among those taking warfarin.

    Two nationwide surveys conducted in 1990 and 1997 found that the number of visits to complementary and alternative providers increased from 427 million to 629 million, whereas the number of visits to primary care physicians remained basically unchanged.

    This reinforces the knowledge that people are taking these products but not necessarily with their doctors’ knowledge.

    The researchers and doctors don’t say that patients shouldn’t take natural or herbal supplements, but what is important is sharing the information that patients are taking them. Doctors who know which patients are taking which supplements could tailor their prescriptions. At the same time, the natural health practitioners should know what medications their patients are taking because they can then better advise them about the supplements.

    ~~~

    Image: MorgueFile.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Heart Patients & Herbal Remedies Danger

  • Helmets Reduce Head Injuries on Ski Hill

    We’re starting to see more people wearing helmets while they’re cycling, rollerblading or skateboarding, but getting people to wear helmets while skiing or snowboarding seems to be a rougher ride. However, it’s been proven that helmets do reduce the risk of head injuries among people who participate in these winter sports.

    telemark skierAccording to a study published today in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, the use of helmets reduces the risk of head injuries among skiers and snowboarders by 35%. This is a significant number because, statistics show that

    head injuries account for up to 19% and neck injuries up to 4% of all injuries reported by ski patrols and emergency departments. Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death and serious injury among skiers and snowboarders.

    The authors of this study analyzed 12 studies that conducted in Europe, Asia, and North America to come to this finding.

    Head injuries can range from something like a mild concussion or brain injury to death, as seen by actress Natasha Richardson’s untimely death last ski season, after she fell on a ski hill, banging her head. Ms Richardson was not wearing a helmet at the time.

    ~~~

    Image: PhotoXpress.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Helmets Reduce Head Injuries on Ski Hill

  • February is – of course – Heart Month

    How could February *not* be heart month? It’s a month with hearts and roses all over the media, so it’s a great time to also remind people to take care of their real heart, one that doesn’t look anything like a valentine.

    HeartHeart disease is a scary topic. It can hit anyone at any time, but there are people who are at higher risk of developing heart disease than are others. Some of the risk factrs include:

    • having a family history of heart disease
    • being male – although women do develop heart disease in large numbers, it is still more prevalent among men
    • being older – risk increases with age
    • smoking
    • having high blood cholesterol (the “bad” one)
    • being overweight
    • not exercising
    • having diabetes
    • not coping well with high levels of stress
    • abusing alcohol

    Heart disease is a disease that we can work on lowering our risk factors. While we can’t change who we are in terms of age and family history, we can change outside factors that are caused by lifestyle, such as not exercising, smoking, abusing alcohol.

    If you’ve not had your cholesterol levels checked recently, it may be a good idea to have this a regular February thing. The people who love you will appreciate this type of Valentine’s gift – having you around longer.

    ~~~

    Image: iStock.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    February is – of course – Heart Month

  • Heavy Backpacks and Your Child

    The warnings have been out for years now: heavy backpacks are NOT good for your child’s back. And, while parents may be concerned about it, not much seems to be happening in lessening the overall load that’s being carried around.

    school girls wth clipping pathYet another study has come out that has found that heavy backpacks compress the spinal discs and increase spinal curvature – even if the backpacks are worn properly. And when they’re worn only on one shoulder, as most kids tend to do, the damage is even worse.

    The results of this study were published in a recent issue of the journal Spine.

    The authors of the study say that the vast majority of students in the United States (up to 90%) carry backpacks to and from school. On average, the backpacks weigh the same as about 10% to 22% of the children’s body weight.

    For this study, researchers looked at eight children by using a special magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. The imaged the children without their backpacks and then again. The weight of the backpacks was increased three times to 9, 18, and 26 pounds, which they say represented about 10, 20, and 30% of the children’s body weight.

    Human backThe MRI images showed that as the backpack weights increased, there was more compression of the discs, which protect the vertebrae, particularly in the lower back area. The researchers also saw signficant curving of the spine, beginning with the 18 pound weight. By the time the 26 pound backpack was worn, the majority of the children had to adjust their posture to handle the weight.

    Backpain was reported by the children, worsening as the load got heavier. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the most excruciating pain possible and 1 being no pain, the average pain report was 5 with the heaviest backpack.

    This issue is very important and both parents and school officials should be working on a way to reduce the heavy backpacks.

    ~~~

    Images: PhotoXpress.com, iStock.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Heavy Backpacks and Your Child

  • FDA Approves New Morphine Concentration

    The FDA has approved a new concentration of morphine sulfate. Here is the press release:

    Internet-News_NC

    FDA Approves Morphine Sulfate Oral Solution for Relief of Acute and Chronic Pain
    Approval is part of Agency’s unapproved drugs initiative

    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Morphine Sulfate Oral Solution for the relief of moderate to severe, acute and chronic pain in opioid-tolerant patients. This medicine will be available in 100 milligrams per 5 mL or 20 milligrams per 1 mL.

    This is the only FDA approved morphine sulfate oral solution available at this concentration. Although the use of this medicine to manage pain has been common practice for many years, this form and concentration of morphine was not FDA approved until now.

    Today’s action is part of the FDA’s unapproved drugs initiative. As part of this program, the FDA has worked with the manufacturer of the now-approved product, Roxane Laboratories, to ensure that there is enough drug available for patients. The FDA will also be working with patient organizations and prescribers so that they are aware that an approved product is available, and can notify the FDA if there are any problems with availability.

    “An important goal of the unapproved drugs initiative is to make sure that marketed drugs meet current FDA standards,” said Douglas Throckmorton, M.D., deputy director for the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Our action today reflects a careful balance between ensuring patient access to necessary medicines, while making sure companies comply with the law.”

    One benefit of the FDA approval process is a requirement for manufacturers to provide sufficient information on how to safely prescribe and use a drug. Manufacturers may also have to establish additional safety measures to manage unique risks of a medicine. For this formulation of morphine, the manufacturer had to develop a safety program prior to approval to address the known risks of morphine misuse, abuse and overdose.

    ~~~
    Image: Newscom.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    FDA Approves New Morphine Concentration

  • Infant Swimming May Up Asthma Rate

    Although teaching an infant how to swim may not prevent drownings, it is an enjoyable activity for both parent and child. For that reason, doctors are not saying “don’t swim with your baby,” but they are issuing a warning so parents can be aware of certain issues.

    grandmother and granddaughter in poolAccording to a study published recently in the European Respiratory Journal, children who are exposed to large amounts of chlorine early in life may have a higher risk of developing asthma or respiratory problems – particularly if they have a family history of such problems.

    The issue isn’t the swimming, but rather the air quality in indoor pools and the chlorine in all pools.

    Researchers looked at over 400 children and their health history and swimming habits. What the researchers found was that 36% of children who were exposed to swimming, either indoors or out, when they were younger than two years old, had a history of a lung infection called bronchiolitis. Only 24% of those who didn’t swim at that age developed the same infection.

    When looking at indoor pool use of more than 20 hours before the children were two years old, these children had a 3.5 times higher risk of developing bronchiolitis than their peers how did not swim in that environment. When looking at outdoor pools, those who swam before age two two times the risk than those who did not.

    The concern about the infections includes the longer term lung health of the children. The researchers found that 15% of the swimmers who had had bronchiolitis were diagnosed with asthma and/or as they got a bit older. Those who had not swum only had a 4% rate of asthma and/or hayfever.

    The take-away message is not to keep babies from enjoying the water with their parents, but to be aware of heavily chlorinated pools and to choose those with less chlorination or alternative methods of cleaning the water. As well, for at-home pools, be careful not to overchlorinate.

    ~~~

    Image: PhotoXpress.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Infant Swimming May Up Asthma Rate

  • Birth Weights Dropping in U.S.

    After a half century of increasing birth weights among American newborns, the trend is now reversing itself and birth weights are dropping, say researchers. That’s not to mean there aren’t any big babies being born, it’s just that they’ll become unusual again, if the trend continues.

    cyring1monthold_NCBirth weights don’t predict how big a baby will become as he or she grows, but researchers are finding that birth weight plays a role in future health. Research is beginning to show that smaller babies face a higher risk of short-term complications, even requiring intensive care. As well, people born with low-birth weights may have a higher risk of developing certain types of chronic diseases.

    Birth Weight Increases in the Past

    Birth weights increased in the past, in North America and other developed regions of the world because prenatal and maternal care was improved and society, as a whole, began to understand how pregnant women could care for themselves for a healthier pregnancy. As the generations went on, babies became bigger and healthier.

    Birth Weight Decrease Now

    Just as moms became more aware of their role in providing for a healthy pregnancy, society is now beginning to show another angle to being pregnant: how to stay as slim as possible and not look pregnant – and then lose all the weight as quickly as possible after the baby is born.

    This could mean that women are dieting more, exercising more and – in today’s day and age of Cesarean sections on request – having babies earlier than they might be born naturally.

    Is this a good idea? Or should we go back to letting nature take its course? How big were your babies? Do you know how big you were when you were born?

    ~~~

    Image: Newscom.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Birth Weights Dropping in U.S.

  • Side Effects Too Serious for New MS Drugs?

    News that there is progress in developing oral drugs for multiple sclerosis, a neurological disease that strips the ability of the nerves to send impulses from the brain, is raising hope so millions of patients with the disease.

    The biggest plus of medications like Cladribine (Merck) and Fingolimod (Novartis) is that they are taken by mouth. Right now, the only medications that could slow iStock_prescriptionpaddown the progress of MS are taken by injection. Cladribine would only be taken for a few days each year, while fingolimod is taken every day. However, researchers are cautioning people about the serious side effects that may come with the drugs.

    It turns out that both medications lower the immune system’s defenses, making patients much more vulnerable to infection. According to news reports, two people in one study died of herpes infections, which likely were allowed to spread because of the body’s inability to keep them in check. Other patients saw latent (dormant) herpes infection come back while on the medications.

    These medications are under study still and there is no long-term data available yet. However, researchers and doctors will continue to monitor the drugs’ effectiveness and safety as more patients take them.

    ~~~

    Image: iStock.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Side Effects Too Serious for New MS Drugs?

  • Multiple Sclerosis Drug Trial Promising

    Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease that strikes most often in adults who are just getting going with their life – they’re establishing their careers, starting families, and they have plans.

    MS is a disease that can progress slowly, allowing those affected by it to live fairly “normal” lives. Unfortunately, others deteriorate quickly to the point that they can’t care for themselves before they die. MS is seen more in northern countries, so there is a istock_pillbottletheory that sunlight – or lack of sunlight – plays a role in the development of the disease. Canada has the dubious distinction of having the highest rate of MS in the world.

    What MS Is

    In MS, the nerves in the central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, degenerate. The nerves are covered with a substance called myelin. Myelin also helps the nerves work properly, sending the impulses along. In MS, the myelin sheath degenerates and can no longer protect the nerves.

    There are two types of MS: relapse-remitting MS (RR-MS) and primary-progressive MS (PP-MS). RR-MS is the most common type, affecting between 65% to 80% of newly diagnosed MS. People with RR-MS can progress to PP-MS, however.

    RR-MS is, as the name indicates, a form of the disease that has relapses – but that also means there are times when there is little or no deterioration. PP-MS is a progressive deterioration.

    Treatment

    Right now, there is little doctors can do to slow the progression of MS. Beta-interferon, provided as Avonex, Betaseron, and Rebif, may help slow the progression of RR-MS in some patients. However, there may be hope soon.

    According to results of a study testing the effectiveness of Cladribine, published in the on-line version of New England Journal of Medicine this week, the medication “significantly reduces relapse and deterioration of the disease, and goes a long way to eliminating the unpleasant side effects associated with existing therapies.”

    Cladribine also has the added benefit of being a tablet, which is taken by mouth, and is not taken every day.

    Study

    Over one thousand patients with MS were given either two or four short courses of Cladribine per year (one or two tablets daily for four or five days), for two years, or a placebo.

    After the two years, those patients who took Cladribine had a 55% lesser chance of having a relapse than those who took placebos, and they were 33% less likely to get worse than those who took placebos.

    The medication still needs to be studied further. There are no long-term studies yet, so researchers don’t know what will happen in the future to those who are taking Cladribine. However, results like this are promising and may lead to other findings as well.

    ~~~

    Image: iStock.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Multiple Sclerosis Drug Trial Promising

  • Treadmills Help in Parkinson’s Disease

    One of the hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease is the slow and stiff gait that people have when they walk. It’s called gait hypokinesia and it can seriously affect the quality of life as people with Parkinson’s limit going out and doing various activities.

    treadmillsParkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder, meaning that it affects the nerves. In this case, the disorder affects the part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Dopamine is a chemical that helps your body coordinate movements, but in Parkinson’s, the neurons that make the dopamine die, making it difficult, if not impossible, to control movement.

    Researchers have been looking into using exercise to help people with Parkinson’s maintain their ability to move well, in addition to taking medication. What type of exercise is being examined though, because there are many issues to take into account when recommending exercises. Using a treadmill is one type of exercse that seems to be realistic – or “do-able” – for many people as it allows them to exercise indoors, with other people around.

    To look into the effectiveness of treadmills, researchers looked at data that had been obtained from eight earlier trials that compared patients who used treadmills and with those who didn’t. In all, 203 patients were involved. The researchers looked at:

    • effects on walking speed
    • stride length
    • number of steps per minute
    • walking distance

    Once that information had been gathered, it was compared with the patients’ improvement, or lack thereof, in their gait. What they found was that the patients who did use the treadmills had a noticeable improvement in their walking ability.

    Of course, much work still needs to be done in terms of learning who would best benefit, what types of programs and how long the exercise should be, and so on. However, this is a good start and provides some hope to patients with Parkinson’s disease and their loved ones.

    ~~~

    Image: MorgueFile.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Treadmills Help in Parkinson’s Disease

  • FDA WARNING: Alli 60 mg Capsule Fakes

    Important press release from the FDA:

    Alli 60 mg capsules (120 count refill kit): Counterfeit Product


    Internet-News_NC

    [Posted 01/18/2010] FDA notified consumers and healthcare professionals about a counterfeit and potentially harmful version of Alli 60 mg capsules (120 count refill kit). The counterfeit version contained the controlled substance sibutramine and did not contain orlistat, the active ingredient. Sibutramine is a drug that should not be used in certain patient populations or without physician oversight. Sibutramine can also interact in a harmful way with other medications the consumer may be taking. GSK has determined that the counterfeit product has been sold over the internet. However, there is no evidence at this time that the counterfeit Alli product has been sold through other channels, such as retail stores. The differences between the counterfeit and authentic products are described in both text and photos in the FDA news release.

    Consumers who believe they have received counterfeit Alli are asked to contact the FDA’s Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI) by calling 800-551-3989 or by visiting the OCI Web site (http://www.fda.gov/OCI).

    Any adverse events that may be related to use should be reported to the FDA’s MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program online [at www.fda.gov/MedWatch/report.htm], by phone 1-800-332-1088, or by returning the postage-paid FDA form 3500 [which may be downloaded from the MedWatch “Download Forms” page] by mail [to address on the pre-addressed form] or fax [1-800-FDA-0178].

    [01/18/2010 – News Release With Photos – FDA]

    ~~~

    Image: Newscom.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    FDA WARNING: Alli 60 mg Capsule Fakes

  • Kid Concussions Need to Be Taken Seriously

    The term mild concussion doesn’t seem to bring on much concern from people. However, if you replace it with mild brain injury, chances are, people sit up and take a bit more notice. The thing is, they are both the same thing.

    brain_ncMild concussions aren’t being taken seriously enough, despite deaths, over the past couple of years, due to head injuries on the ski slope or similar circumstances, says a researcher from McMaster University in Canada. In fact, if their head injury is labeled a concussion, they will spend less time in the hospital and return to school sooner (and likely the activity that may have caused the injury) than children who are diagnosed with a brain injury.

    What is a concussion?

    Your brain is a soft organ and it’s surrounded with cerebrospinal fluid around the brain that keeps it from hitting your hard skull. However, if you experience a blow to the head, it could be hard enough for your brain to shift and hit against the skull. This can cause bleeding and bruising in the brain.

    Concussions are usually labeled as mild, moderate or severe, but the mild label can be quite deceiving. If the brain doesn’t have a chance to heal properly before activity is resumed, another concussion can occur. And, researchers are finding that having more than one concussion can increase the risk of certain disorders and maybe neurological (nerve) disorders.

    If your child is diagnosed with a concussion, it’s important to take it seriously and be sure to follow all directions to allow for proper healing time.

    ~~~

    Image: Newscom.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Kid Concussions Need to Be Taken Seriously

  • FDA Clears Concern over Spiriva Inhaler

    Spiriva (tiotropium bromide) is an inhaled medication used to prevent exacerbations (”attacks”) caused by COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It’s taken once per day. There were concerns a while ago about a possible connection between using Spiriva and experiencing a higher risk of stroke and/or heart attacks.

    handihaler_and_box

    Courtesy of Pfizer Inc.

    When this concern was raised, the FDA investigated and has come to the conclusion that this is not an issue with the medication. The FDA came to this conclusion when it and the FDA Pulmonary – Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee reviewed a 4-year study involving 5,992 patients.

    According to the findings,

    there was no significant increase in the risk of stroke [0.95 (95% CI 0.70, 1.29)], heart attack [0.73 (95% CI 0.53, 1.00)], or cardiovascular death [0.73 (95% CI 0.56, 0.96)] between Spiriva HandiHaler and placebo.

    For this reason, the FDA said that doctors may prescribe the medications according to the label instructions.

    As with all medications, it is important that those who are taking Spiriva understand what the medication is for and what it does. Spiriva is not a rescue medication, one that you take when you are having difficulty breathing, such as Ventolin (salbutamol). It is considered a maintenance medication, one that you take every day to reduce the risk of needing a rescue medication.

    ~~~

    Image: Pfizer

    Post from: Blisstree

    FDA Clears Concern over Spiriva Inhaler

  • H1N1 Still Active Around the World

    Although the H1N1 virus has faded quite a bit in the news, it is still active throughout the world, including the United States. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that as of January 10, 2010, “more than 208 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory earth illustrationconfirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 13,554 deaths.” The most active regions right now remain parts of North Africa, South Asia and the eastern and southeastern areas of Europe.

    North Africa

    The virus is still spreading in countries such as Morocco, Algeria and Egypt.

    South Asia

    Countries in South Asia that are reporting active infection spread of H1N1 include Nepal, India (more in the west, less so in the north), and Sri Lanka – although the virus may be leveling off in this country.

    Europe

    The spread of H1N1 virus seems to be slowing down in the northern parts of Europe, except in Switzerland where there were people reporting respiratory illnesses. Other countries with similar reports are Germany, France, Romania, Ukraine, and Turkey.

    North America

    There are reports of some increased activity in central and northern Mexico, although declining in the United States and Canada.

    While some people continue to debate whether the whole H1N1 “thing” was blown out of proportion, we’ll never really know if the wide-spread vaccination campaigns helped avoid a catastrophe.

    ~~~

    Image: PhotoXpress.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    H1N1 Still Active Around the World

  • Texting Helps Patients Remember Meds

    Have you ever had problems remembering to take medications? Whether the medications are a short-term thing, like a prescription for antibiotics or a longer-term thing, like antidepressants, forgetting to take your medication can cause more problems down the road. And, if you’re unlucky and have to take several medications and different times of the day, you may find it even more difficult to Staying in Touchkeep things straight.

    For this reason, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in the United Kingdom has set up a texting reminder service for its patients with epilepsy who need these reminders.

    According to the BBC news,

    The service will use text messaging to remind patients to take their medication and has a facility to alert carers if they do not respond to a text saying they have taken the tablets.

    There will also be a web-based patient diary where patients can record their responses to medication, seizures and any injuries sustained during them.

    This type of service could, literally, be a lifesaver for some people. Taken a step further, it would be good for seniors who could manage at home but may forget to take their medications – which likely are what keeps the seniors able to stay home in the first place.

    What do you think? Would such a service be helpful?

    ~~~

    Image: PhotoXpress.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Texting Helps Patients Remember Meds

  • Disease Lurks in Stricken Haiti

    Major disasters can kill thousands of people in one instant, but their deadly effects can continue to last, perhaps killing more people after the event than during it.

    When an area experiences a major disaster as Haiti did earlier this week, the infrastructure breaks down and this usually includes the availability of safe drinking WORLD NEWS HAITI 84 MIwater. And, if the area hit is as poorly off as Haiti was before the earthquake, then the living conditions are going to change from poor to unimaginable. Before the earthquake, more than half the population had access to clean drinking water and there was no public sewage.

    Urgent emergency response is needed to help save lives in the moment, but also to save lives by preventing diseases from taking hold. Diseases like cholera and dysentery, which are water-borne diseases, can spread like wild fire, taking lives along the way.

    The country is already struggling with health issues. Not many of the children are vaccinated against diseases that we rarely see in the developed countries. In situations like this, the poor conditions, the cramped quarters, the lack of clean drinking water and poor sanitation, children are prime targets for disease.

    As well, experts say that there already is a high rate of contagious illness in the country, namely HIV and tuberculosis.

    Another big fear is death from dehydration and malnutrition, although dehydration is a much more dangerous risk. The heat in the Haitian climate, combined with lack of drinking water, can and will affect the most vulnerable: children and the elderly.

    What can you say to the people of a country that had little to lose and now have lost what little it did have?

    ~~~

    Image: Newscom.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Disease Lurks in Stricken Haiti

  • Canadian Bat/Rabies Shot Guidelines Changed

    Rabies used to be in the news quite a bit – it was even the subject of movies (think Old Yeller). Sadly, before vaccinations were available and treatment had been discovered, rabies killed many animals and humans.

    According to the World Health Organization (WHO), although rabies may be out of the minds of those who live in the developed nations, the disease is still a major concern elsewhere:

    • More than 55 000 people die of rabies each year. About 95% of human deaths occur in Asia and Africa.
    • Most human deaths follow a bite from an infected dog. Between 30% to 60% of the victims of dog bites are children under the age of 15.

    upsidedownIn North America, rabies is sometimes transmitted by rabid bats, so countries, like Canada, have guidelines in place about prophylactic (preventative) treatment if someone comes in contact with an animal that could be rabid.

    Canadian guidelines required anti-rabies injections for people who would wake up and find a bat in their bedroom. The reasoning was that if the person was sleeping, they would not always be able to tell if they had been scratched or bitten by the animal. However, researchers looked into the number of people who found themselves in that situation and found that this type of blanket treatment was likely not needed.

    Now, instead of encouraging that the bat be caught for testing, which could put people at risk if they hadn’t been bitten in the first place, adults must meet one of the two following requirements:

    • The bat must have touched or landed on the person
    • It cannot be ruled out that there was not a bit or scratch that has come into contact with a wound on the person or the person’s mucus membranes (mouth, nose)

    With children, more caution may be taken and injections given if there is any concern.

    The change in recommendations came about because the risk of rabies with just being in the same room did not justify the expense and discomfort of the prophylactic treatment.

    ~~~

    Image: PhotoXpress.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Canadian Bat/Rabies Shot Guidelines Changed

  • Sunglasses for Migraines – Even at Night

    Have you ever had a migraine? Do you know someone who has? Chances are, whether it is you or someone you know, the first thing you want to do if you have a migraine is to get out of the light and into a dark room.

    sunglassesLight, any type of light, is a migraineurs enemy once the pain has begun. With all the research that is going in to trying to find causes and cures for migraines, one angle has been to look at how light affects migraines as opposed to “regular” headaches, no matter how severe the headaches are.

    Researchers from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have published study findings in the advance online issue of Nature Neuroscience that indicate they have identified a new visual pathway that underlies sensitivity to light during migraine in both blind people and in those with normal eyesight.

    By studying both groups, those with sight and those without, the researchers were able to determine that photophobia (avoiding light because of the pain it causes) somehow is affected by the optic nerve.

    Blindness may be caused by many problems and it also varies on the type of blindness. For example, there are people with no vision who can detect light and, therefore, have somewhat of a day/night cycle that their body is accustomed to. Others who are blind have no perception of light whatsoever, meaning they have no idea if there is any sun or light around them at any time.

    By examining people who fall into either group of blindness, the researchers found that patients who were blind with no sense of light but who were experiencing a migraine were unaffected when they were exposed to light. However, those who were blind but who could perceive light did experience intensified pain when exposed to light.

    The researchers then took these findings into the labs where they looked at animal eyes and the path between the eyes and the brain, through the optic nerve.

    The researchers discovered a group of neurons that become electrically active during migraine.

    “When small electrodes were inserted into these ‘migraine neurons,’ we discovered that light was triggering a flow of electrical signals that was converging on these very cells,” says [Rami] Burstein [PhD, Professor of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine at BIDMC and Harvard Medical School]. “This increased their activity within seconds.”

    And even when the light was removed, he notes, these neurons remained activated. “This helps explain why patients say that their headache intensifies within seconds after exposure to light, and improves 20 to 30 minutes after being in the dark.”

    The take-away message for this is that sunglasses, even at night, may be helpful for people who are experiencing a migraine. Even the more subtle lighting can intensify the migraine pain.

    ~~~

    Image: PhotoXpress.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Sunglasses for Migraines – Even at Night

  • Childhood Abuse May Lead to Migraines

    Being abused as a child has a lifelong impact on people, even if they think they’ve left the abuse behind. In some cases, it may come out in personality issues and in others, physically, such as high stress levels or illness.

    iStock_headacheMigraines, one of those mysterious ailments that affect so many people, is one of the long-lasting physical effects that may result from childhood abuse. Of course, that’s not to say that if you have migraines, you were abused – absolutely not. But, researchers have found that a significant number of people who do live with migraines were somehow abused or neglected when they were children.

    Child abuse and neglect are, unfortunately, still very much present in today’s society. In the United States, the U.S. Department of Health has said that in 2007, state and local child protective services investigated over three million reports of abuse or neglect. Broken down, the children were victims of:

    • child neglect (59%
    • emotional abuse (4%)
    • sexual abuse (8%)
    • physical abuse (11%)

    Previous research has noted a connection between abuse and future migraines and a new study, published in the January issue of Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain has come to the same conclusions.

    Researchers had 1348 patients with migraines fill out surveys that measured physical, sexual, and emotional childhood abuse, and physical and emotional neglect. The researchers also asked about physician-diagnosed history of pain conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), fibromyalgia (FM), interstitial cystitis (IC), and arthritis.

    Illnesses such as these, other than arthritis, often have no explainable origin. Researchers have been trying to find out what could be causing them, but they’ve not had much success. IBS affects a person’s life by causing pain and discomfort, and by making social situations difficult in many situations. It can cause either extreme diarrhea or constipation. Interstitial cystitis can be just as socially isolating because of the pain and discomfort of always feeling that you need to urinate. Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia can cause overwhelming fatigue and pain, and there is not much in the way of treatment for any of these disorders.

    What the researchers found was that those people who had migraines and who had been abused or neglected had a higher incidence of the other pain conditions, much more so than people who had not had similar maltreatment.

    In the study population, 61% had at least 1 comorbid pain condition and 58% reported experiencing childhood trauma either by abuse or neglect. The number of different maltreatment types suffered in childhood correlated with the number of comorbid pain in adulthood.

    Specifically, physical abuse was associated with a higher incidence of arthritis; emotional abuse was linked to a greater occurrence of IBS, CFS, FM, and arthritis; and physical neglect connected with more reports of IBS, CFS, IC, and arthritis. In women, physical abuse and physical neglect was associated with endometriosis (EM) and uterine fibroids, emotional abuse with EM, and emotional neglect with uterine fibroids.

    While findings such as this can’t help prevent the illnesses, including migraines, it can give the treating health professionals something to work with. If the patients have a background of abuse, perhaps therapy to help them deal better with the past may result in a better physical outcome.

    ~~~

    Image: iStock.com

    Post from: Blisstree

    Childhood Abuse May Lead to Migraines