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  • Ending on a high note

    A few minutes in Jameson “Jim” Marvin’s presence, and it’s easy to guess his line of work. The man likes to use his hands.

    It’s a useful trait for a music conductor.

    But Marvin, who has led Harvard’s choral program for more than 30 years with a passion for making music and friends, will end his time at the University on a high note when he retires at the end of the year.

    “The choral program is in great shape, and I am in pretty good shape, so I think it’s time to go.”

    To get a true sense of Marvin’s impressive Harvard career, just glance at the ceiling of his lofty Paine Hall office. Plastered high overhead and on every inch of available wall are the colorful posters of the countless concerts he has conducted since taking over as Harvard’s director of choral activities and senior lecturer on music.

    The California native was tapped to head the choral program in 1978, beating out 160 applicants after responding to an ad in The New York Times.

    “It was so exciting. I loved it,” Marvin said of the intense interview and audition process led by students that included brief turns conducting the all men’s Harvard Glee Club, the women’s Radcliffe Choral Society, and the mixed voice Harvard-Radcliffe Collegium Musicum, three of the four groups that make up Harvard’s Holden Choirs.

    During his tenure, the outgoing Marvin has led all three groups, created another large community and student choir, developed a training course for young singers, added assistant choral director positions for each choir, taught classes in beginning and advanced conducting and masterpieces of choral literature, and performed everything from Bach and Beethoven to Barber and Bernstein.

    “This is a really, really wonderful, full program, and I am really proud of it. And I am very, very lucky to have been here to have helped shape it.”

    Shaping and perfecting the music requires hard work, said Marvin, who admits to being “strongly tenacious” at times in order to get the best sound possible. But the reward, he said, is always worth the effort.

    “Ultimately, through a wonderful rehearsal or performance that brings a piece to an extremely high level, the students may be inspired, and can experience an enriching quality of transcendence … [which] touches them deeply.”

    His students laud his commitment to excellence, passion for music, and dedication to his singers.

    “He really wanted to help us perform wonderful music, but also really truly enjoy our experience,” said Cara Ferrentino ’08, Harvard Law School’s sustainability coordinator, who sang all four years with the Radcliffe Choral Society.

    Marvin grew and developed the triumvirate of choruses for accomplished singers and also founded two programs to help singers with less vocal experience, but an equal love of song.

    In 1979 he created the Harvard-Radcliffe Chorus, a choir that combines students, faculty, and staff members, as well as community residents. The 180-voice choir helps younger singers to get “a little extra experience and guidance.” He also created the “Choir-in-Progress” course, which helps beginning singers develop voice and music techniques.

    Marvin is as gracious as he is gregarious. He is quick to praise former associate director Beverly Taylor with helping to develop Harvard’s choral program. He calls his current associate conductor Kevin Leong his “right-hand man,” and credits the Office for the Arts for its ongoing support.

    “So many people helped make the program what it is today.”

    His own love of music developed early. As a boy he learned to sing from his grandparents. Later he took piano lessons and recalled sneaking down to the piano in the early morning hours to practice music that left him “in a swoon of a mood.” In high school he sang in a church choir, where he was introduced to the sacred songs that would lead him to his love of Renaissance music.

    When he was tapped to lead a group of his fraternity brothers in an annual singing competition while at the University of California, Santa Barbara, his conducting die was cast.

    “I realized I liked to stand in front of people and lead. But the fact that I could hear and help them fix and get better and better is what began to convince me that I really could do this.”

    Marvin went on to receive his master’s in choral conducting from Stanford University and his doctorate in choral music from the University of Illinois. He was assistant professor of music at Vassar College before arriving at Harvard.

    He has toured yearly with the Harvard choirs, enjoying singing trips to countries like New Zealand, Australia, China, and Brazil. He laughed, recalling a ride on the back of an ostrich on a trip to South Africa, and smiled proudly in remembering a performance with the choirs at New York’s famed Lincoln Center. Marvin’s choirs are frequently selected to perform at the regional and national conference of the American Choral Directors Association.

    “I can’t imagine the Holden Choirs without him,” said Jack Megan, director of the Office for the Arts,” but I believe they will thrive because of what Jim has accomplished.”

    Marvin’s Harvard tenure has been as much about the people as it has been about performance. He is most proud of having created a community of “kindred spirits” who share his love and enthusiasm for music and friendship.

    Paying tribute

    In tribute to Marvin, more than 400 alumni from the choirs will return to campus this weekend (April 30 to May 2) to celebrate his long career with a series of receptions and group sings, and a special tribute concert at Sanders Theatre.

  • Symbian 3 Courts Developers With HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

    Symbian today announced a new initiative intended to attract developers, and is providing web development tools to ease application programming for its open source mobile platform, Symbian 3. Using the web standards of HTML, CSS and JavaScript, developers can create software for devices such as Nokia’s new N8, which was introduced earlier this week as the first handset to run the Symbian 3 operating system. The web application development tools are available today for Windows, Mac and Linux computers and will supplement the Qt cross-platform framework that already supports application development for Symbian 3 devices.

    Last night, I spoke with Larry Berkin, the Head of Global Alliances and General Manager USA of the Symbian Foundation, about the use of web standards for mobile phone development, mainly because we’ve seen this approach before — Palm touted the same strategy upon introduction of its webOS platform in January of 2009, but the approach didn’t seem to capture the attention of developers who flocked to other popular platforms, by comparison. I asked Berkin why offering a simple, web standards approach might work for Symbian, when it didn’t do so for Palm.

    “While there will always be a need for native apps, this will lower the cost of development for developers,” Berkin said. That makes sense because coding with HTML, CSS and JavaScript doesn’t require a deep knowledge of object-oriented programming or as sophisticated a technical understanding of programming in general. And quite literally anyone who has created a web page can build an application using this method — Symbian’s own developer page runs this tagline now: “If you can create a web page, you’re a Symbian 3 app developer.” As far as the inevitable comparisons to Palm are concerned, Berkin spent seven years at PalmSource, the company that created the Palm OS and was later bought by ACCESS and says “We think it will work out better (for Symbian).”

    Web standards might be easier to use than low-level programming languages, but that simplicity can also limit an application’s capabilities. Berkin, however, says this isn’t the case with the new Symbian 3 web development tools, due to accessible APIs. “The breadth of available platform services is good. Using APIs, developers can access the dialer, calendar, camera, contacts and more,” he said. That means without much additional effort or coding knowledge, a web standards application for Symbian 3 doesn’t have to be a simple client that can only access the web. By exposing APIs to core functionality, Symbian apps built on the new tool set could be used to capture a photo and share it on Flickr, for example.

    I also asked Berkin about Qt, the Nokia-owned framework that was originally introduced as a programming method for Symbian 3. “Symbian offers a wide variety of development tools,” Berkin said, “but in terms of absolute numbers, Qt is still limited. This is just another tool in the arsenal.” So a two-pronged approach is the path towards Symbian software — one for experienced programmers looking for a write-once, run in several places with Qt, and one for us everyday folks that have the skills to build a web page. Between the two development tools, Symbian hopes to achieve what Palm hasn’t: a large and thriving development community to support one of the largest, open-sourced mobile device platforms in the world.

    Related research on GigaOM Pro (sub req’d):

    How to Clean Up the Mobile OS Mess

  • Language of learning

    Descending the cafeteria stairs at the Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), Ildiko Voller-Szenci greeted a classmate from Germany. A few steps later, she hailed a friend from Ecuador. Then she encountered one of the School’s executive education groups, composed of students from the far corners of the world. A sprinkling of languages peppered the hallway conversations.

    “The languages spoken here and the connections that they represent to the world are just amazing,” said Voller-Szenci, who is Hungarian but also speaks English, French, and Russian.

    Such diversity — HKS students come from more than 70 countries — is mirrored across the University, which has 4,131 full-time international students. That eclectic mix makes for a lush linguistic landscape, one that becomes even richer after factoring in the more than 80 ancient and modern languages taught through the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) and other Schools.

    In an increasingly global economy, mastery of languages is often a critical component to success. Languages have long been a pivotal part of Harvard’s curriculum and a key to learning. Their study, University educators say, develops cognitive skills, fosters connections to foreign markets, preserves ancient traditions and histories, and cultivates a crucial understanding and appreciation of the world.

    An FAS course booklet lists the expected German, French, and Spanish. But it also lists Akkadian, Avestan, Kikongo, Old English, Sogdian, Twi, Scottish Gaelic, Urdu, and Uyghur. The myriad choices amount to a crossword puzzle fan’s paradise.

    Simply put, said Diana Sorensen, Harvard’s dean of arts and humanities, “The University offers the most comprehensive language studies program in the nation.”

    In addition to studying many languages, students also are enrolling in a growing array of classes that reflect the widening ripples of a globalized world.

    Sorensen, who is also James F. Rothenberg Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures and of comparative literature, has spearheaded development of the Foreign Language Advisory Group, a collection of language teachers from across the University who meet monthly to explore professional development opportunities and new language initiatives and innovations.

    For the past three years, Sorensen and her group have worked to expand the language curriculum to include “bridge” courses involving history, art, and culture, which are taught in a foreign language, and to build connections between the language courses and the content courses taught at upper levels.

    Cross-cultural classes

    Students now can take courses on China’s Cultural Revolution, taught in Mandarin, or learn about the history and politics of the Islamic world in a class taught in Arabic.

    “We were noticing that while students would get to a certain level in their language classes, they needed further encouragement to become more proficient and more deeply immersed in everything that a language can make available to them,” said Sorensen. “These courses help students understand that a language and its culture are profoundly intertwined, and that with sustained study it is possible to reach higher levels of proficiency and immersion in the cultural realm.”

    Understanding another part of the world better, said Sorensen, also is an avenue for transcultural understanding.

    “When you can understand that culture in its language, and its whole outlook, you are immediately receptive to areas where conflict could be averted,” she said. “I do think if we want to train global citizens and global leaders, having them equipped with this kind of transcultural literacy at a deep level is one of the goals of the university of the 21st century.”

    The Foreign Language Advisory Group also has created a course for graduate students who teach languages at Harvard, one that examines the complex nature of language acquisition and specific teaching practices.

    Sorensen said the panel gives “language teaching a stronger profile at the University, so it is seen as a crucial aspect of one’s cultural training.”

    For Russian native Maria Polinsky, who studies languages’ complex architecture for a living, exploring another language offers students more than just the chance to experience another culture. Such study challenges the brain and helps to develop key cognitive skills. Polinsky, professor of linguistics, said that while languages offer important windows into culture, folklore, film, and literature, their ability to help people build up the executive function of the brain is an equally compelling attraction.

    “By teaching students languages, we are helping enhance their cognitive functions, keeping their brains a little more active,” she said.

    Polinsky said studies suggest that people raised in bilingual households develop a much stronger executive function, or ability to multitask. Research also indicates that bilingual children are much less likely to succumb to dementia later in life.

    According to Polinsky, it’s not too late for college students to reap the mental benefits that come from learning a language.

    “We can still catch them early enough and enhance the utility of learning another language, and hopefully we can give them the skills they will take with them when they graduate,” she said. “By keeping language instruction at Harvard at a very high level, we are giving them this idea that this is important.”

    Preserver of antiquity

    Another important aspect of linguistic study is Harvard’s role as preserver of antiquity.

    Tucked behind an innocuous-looking door in Harvard’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology is the office of Marc Zender, who explores and speaks ancient and forgotten languages and teaches them to eager Harvard undergraduates.

    Zender’s specialty is Classic Mayan hieroglyphic writing. Though the ancient classical Mayan language is no longer in use, there are 30 related, descendant languages still spoken. Through the study of those “close cousins,” with the help of historical linguistics, Zender said, researchers can reconstruct how the ancient language would have been structured and even how it sounded.

    Helping students to appreciate language as a tool for understanding lets them “look over the shoulder of ancient scribes” and read what was important to cultures during their time, Zender said.

    “The basic message is that language is our major vehicle for communication even today. Nothing has really replaced being able to either speak to other people or to write, which also so vividly captures a language and a culture.”

    Last year, the lecturer on anthropology had more than 300 students in his elective “Digging Glyphs: Adventures in Decipherment.” The class, which attracts undergraduates from a range of concentrations, makes use of the collections in the Peabody and in Harvard’s Semitic Museum. Students attend weekly section meetings in the museums to explore the markings on pottery and tablets of ancient civilizations.

    “They can literally touch the past,” said Zender, “and from a language direction, when something has writing on it and you can literally read it aloud, it makes the object come alive.”

    Peter Machinist, Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages and an authority on the Hebrew Bible and ancient Mesopotamia, agrees that a key to understanding ancient societies is the careful study of language.

    “Biblical thought and indeed the intellectual cultural traditions of most societies are communicated especially through languages,” said Machinist. “The choice and orchestration of words provide a clue to what the meaning of the world was about.”

    But for Machinist, the study of language also offers students a window on today’s world.

    “I’d like to think that the work that I and colleagues do, even if it deals with classical or even more remote antiquity, has a bearing on the contemporary scene, because at issue are traditions that are not dead,” he said, noting that the current Iran and Iraq disputes have echoes in those of ancient Persia and Mesopotamia.

    “I am not suggesting that reading ancient texts is going to solve our problems in this region tomorrow, but it is going to give us a sense of whom we are talking to there, of what fundamental social, cultural, and ecological realities we are facing, which we ignore at our peril.”

    The earlier requirement

    Harvard College’s early language requirement was demanding and included three mandatory years of Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic, and Syriac. It was assumed that students entering Harvard had a full knowledge of Latin.

    While today’s requirement is much less rigorous, and many undergraduates entering Harvard can test out of required language classes before they arrive on campus, many students choose to continue studying another language, taking advantage of the University’s vast resources to explore written and spoken words and cultures.

    Currently, 154 Harvard students are concentrating in one of the University’s language concentration programs, which include East Asian Studies, Germanic Languages and Literatures, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Romance Languages and Literatures, Sanskrit and Indian Studies, and Slavic Languages and Literatures.

    To further encourage students to continue their linguistic studies, the University adopted a language citation program in 1998 that recognizes advanced language learning at the College. The achievement is noted in students’ official transcripts, and students receive printed citations that recognize their accomplishments along with their diplomas.

    In its first year, the program had 77 participants. Last year, 441 students received language citations. In 2006, FAS also established secondary fields as part of the curriculum. Undergraduates can now declare a secondary field of study in 46 areas, including nine language-based programs.

    Languages and related programs also abound in Harvard’s other Schools. Harvard Law School has a class that teaches students Spanish language skills in a legal context. At the Harvard Business School, the student association recently began offering Berlitz Method language classes to first- and second-year students in Mandarin, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Hindi.

    In summer, the Harvard Divinity School offers language instruction geared to theological and religious studies, with courses such as elementary biblical Hebrew.

    “Dead” language lives

    Additionally, students regularly gather to speak at informal “language tables” hosted by the various Houses. For the past several years, a small but dedicated group of graduate and undergraduate students has met in an Italian restaurant to order pizza and chat, not in Italian, but in Latin. The students from Harvard’s Department of the Classics don’t let the fact that Latin is technically a “dead” language deter their enthusiasm.

    “It’s hard to stop and think of the Latin for cell phone,” said junior Sara Mills, a classics concentrator and president of the Harvard Classical Club, which organizes the weekly event. The club has developed its own lexicon to translate modern terms such as “resident dean” or “Boylston Hall.”

    The most amusing moments from the gatherings, which are sponsored by the department, often come in the form of a bemused waiter who tries to pick up their words, or from neighboring diners who whisper incredulously, “They can’t be speaking Latin.”

    “We just smile, sheepishly” said Mills.

  • Kanter honored by Good Housekeeping Magazine

    Rosabeth Moss Kanter, the Ernest L. Arbuckle Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and chair/director of the Interfaculty Initiative on Advanced Leadership, has been named one of the “125 women who changed our world” over the past 125 years by Good Housekeeping in the May 2010 issue (released April 13) for the magazine’s 125th anniversary.

    She was cited for her “ground breaking research on the toll of tokenism, work/family conflicts, fostering diversity, and the creation of successful organizations,” which “has helped women become stronger, more strategic leaders.”

    On April 23 she was honored with the 2010 International Leadership Award from the Association of Leadership Professionals at its annual meeting in Fort Worth, Texas.

  • Enriquez named associate curator of modern and contemporary art

    The Harvard Art Museum announced the appointment of Mary Schneider Enriquez as Houghton Associate Curator of Modern and Contemporary Art in the museum’s Department of Modern and Contemporary Art, effective April 5.

    Schneider Enriquez has been Latin American art adviser to the Art Museum since 2002, working with the museum’s director and curatorial staff to identify collection and programmatic opportunities in Latin American art. She brings a long history of curatorial, academic, and administrative experience to this position, including undergraduate teaching, independent curatorial and advisory work for institutions across the United States, art criticism, and fundraising.

    “I am pleased to welcome Mary to our staff,” said Thomas W. Lentz, Elizabeth and John Moors Cabot Director of the Harvard Art Museum. “With her long and varied background in the art world, especially in Latin America, and as someone who already has an intimate knowledge of the Art Museum and Harvard University, she brings a distinct perspective to this position.”

  • Evening with Champions

    With her spotlight purring like an old projector, Linda Yao ’10 used a steady hand to follow the cast of famed figure skaters as they shaved graceful ribbons into the ice during “An Evening with Champions.” “La Vie en Rose,” sung by Louis Armstrong, played over the loudspeakers, and a kaleidoscope of light bathed the ice.

    Over 40 years, the skating event has raised $2.4 million for the Jimmy Fund of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Brett Michael Giblin ’11, who co-chaired the event, said, “I truly believe that the reason this weekend was such a rousing success, from the incredible skating to the nearly perfect execution, was due to the fact that our volunteers were able to keep the objective that they were working toward — helping children with cancer — in the forefront of their minds.”

    The event struck a personal chord with 2006 Olympics skater Emily Hughes ’11, who first visited Harvard to participate in the event in 2006 to pay tribute to her mother, a cancer survivor. Hughes said, “I’m happy and excited that I can do this every year, and that it can go to a worthy cause. Cancer research has a more personal feel for me.”

    Shadow dancing

    Shadow dancing

    Paul Wylie ’91 and 1976 Olympic medalist Dorothy Hamill move under the spotlight during the 40th anniversary of the Jimmy Fund benefit “An Evening with Champions,” sponsored by Harvard.

    Get a leg up

    Get a leg up

    All at once Emily Hughes ’11 dips low and aims high.

    Sisters in arms

    Sisters in arms

    Dazzling bodices and frilly dresses are just a few pleasures of skating. Here, members of Team Excel Junior, which features skaters from 18 New England regions, manage to be both identically dressed and distinctive.

    There is a light

    There is a light

    Linda Yao ’10, wearing her winter coat, operates the spotlight for skaters. Hey, it’s an ice rink after all!

    A shoulder to drape on

    A shoulder to drape on

    Kimberly Navarro rides the back of partner Brent Bommentre.

    Ice blue

    Ice blue

    An expansive shot of the Bright Hockey Center displays the color, whirlwind, and fun of the night’s event.

    Photo slideshow: An Evening with Champions

    Kris Snibbe/Harvard Staff Photographer

  • The Best and Worst Hotel Wi-Fi [Wi-Fi]

    I’m not going to pretend HotelChatter’s chart works, so I’ll just point to their list of best hotel Wi-Fi (Holiday Inn for mega-chains) and worst (avoid mid-high-enders like DoubleTree). My hotel criteria? Waffle House proximity. [Hotel Chatter via Lifehacker] More »







  • The Great Leap Forward: The Political Economy of Education in Brazil, 1889-1930

    Published: April 29, 2010
    Paper Released: March 2010
    Authors: André Martínez-Fritscher, Aldo Musacchio, and Martina Viarengo

    Executive Summary:

    In 1890, with only 15 percent of the population literate, Brazil had the lowest literacy rate among the large economies in the Americas. Yet between 1890 and 1940, Brazil had the most rapid increase in literacy rates in the Americas, catching up with and even surpassing some of its more educated peers such as Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela. This jump in literacy was simultaneously accompanied by a brisk increase in the number of teachers, number of public schools, and enrollment rates. Why were political elites in Brazil willing to finance this expansion of public education for all? André Martínez-Fritscher of Banco de México, Aldo Musacchio of HBS, and Martina Viarengo of the London School of Economics explain how state governments secured funds to pay for education and examine the incentives of politicians to spend on education. They conclude that the progress made in education during these decades had mixed results in the long run. Key concepts include:

    • Competition in national elections and a literacy requirement may have provided the right incentives for state political parties and state politicians to spend on education in a way that increased literacy rates in a significant way over the period studied.
    • Brazil started from an extremely low base and ended in what today would be considered a low level of literacy as well (around 40 percent of the population).
    • Between 1889 and 1930 there was significant progress in the provision of elementary education in Brazil. It was to a large extent a consequence of the fact that some states got more taxation powers and had the obligation to spend on public education.
    • Positive trade shocks can be converted into long-term development if there is electoral competition, and economic assets are not concentrated in a few hands.
    • Expenditures on education between 1889 and 1930 altered the development path of some states and changed their relative rankings compared to other states in a somewhat permanent way.

    Abstract

    Brazil at the turn of the twentieth century offers an interesting puzzle. Among the large economies in the Americas it had the lowest level of literacy in 1890, but by 1940 the country had surpassed most of its peers in terms of literacy and had done a significant improvement of its education system. All of this happened in spite of the fact that the Constitution of 1891 included a literacy requirement to vote and gave states the responsibility to spend on education. That is to say, Brazilian states had a significant improvement in education levels and a significant increase in expenditures on education per capita despite having institutions that limited political participation for the masses (Lindert, 2004; Engerman, Mariscal and Sokoloff, 2009) and having one of the worst colonial institutional legacies of the Americas (Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robison, 2001; Easterly and Levine, 2003; and Engerman and Sokoloff, 1997, 2002). This paper explains how state governments got the funds to pay for education and examines the incentives that politicians had to spend on education between 1889 and 1930. Our findings are threefold. First, we show that the Constitution of 1891, which decentralized education and allowed states to collect export taxes to finance expenditures, rendered states with higher windfall tax revenues from the export of commodities to spend more on education per capita. Second, we prove that colonial institutions constrained the financing of education, but that nonetheless the net effect of the increase in commodity exports always led to a net increase in education expenditures. Finally, we argue that political competition after 1891 led politicians to spend on education, Since only literate adults could vote, we show that increases in expenditures (and increases in revenues from export taxes) led to increases in the number of voters at the state level.
    65 pages.

    Paper Information

  • Peering into gearworks of FDA

    Topping off at 800 pages, “Reputation and Power: Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA” is Daniel Carpenter’s opus.

    Carpenter, the Allie S. Freed Professor of Government and director of the Center for American Political Studies, became fascinated with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 20 years ago “because the agency was always in the news and because its decisions were so controversial at the same time that the agency was so highly respected in scientific and popular circles.”

    But Carpenter said the research on the FDA then was “incredibly simplistic. In these works, the FDA is either great or it’s horrible; it’s either purely altruistic or it’s power-hungry. A number of well-informed scholars and careful observers of the agency told me the same thing: namely, that previous treatments had oversimplified the agency. I wanted to step outside of those binary narratives.”

    One of his approaches was examining the FDA’s reputation. “A big part of the FDA’s power comes from the way it is viewed by different audiences,” said Carpenter. “So I spent a lot of time not only in the records and archives of the FDA, but in the records of medical associations and researchers, drug companies, research hospitals like Mayo Clinic and M.D. Anderson, European and Indian drug regulators and health agencies, politicians, and Supreme Court justices, social movement organizations, and interest groups.”

    Behind the scenes, much of what happens at “research universities around the world is dependent upon FDA rules, regulations, and discussions,” said Carpenter.

    But what about the American people? Have they become disillusioned by dodgy pharmaceuticals and lawsuits?

    “For the audience of the mass public, the FDA’s reputation is compelling because people believe that the agency has kept them safe, and that the FDA generally ‘gets it right,’” he noted.

    “The most vivid event in building this reputation was FDA officer Frances Kelsey’s refusal to let thalidomide on the U.S. market,” he said. “When that drug was marketed in Europe and Australia, thousands of children were born with irreversible birth defects, and there were uncounted stillbirths and abortions.” (Kelsey’s photo is on the cover of the book.)

    “The general public does, on the whole, trust the FDA, though not as much as it used to,” said Carpenter, who believes the next five to 10 years will be critical for the agency.

    “Reputation and Power” also chronicles pivotal FDA decisions, from the 1980s AIDS crisis to oral contraceptives, to chemotherapy, to phased trials and manufacturing.

    “This has been 12 years, over 100 archival collections, and three continents of research in the making,” said Carpenter. “I think my proudest moment came when Richard Merrill, a former FDA general counsel and the nation’s top legal scholar on drug regulation — and a tough critic — told me that the book was the best treatment of new drug regulation he had ever seen. From someone who lived it and studied it for decades, that was a nice endorsement.”

  • Steven Pinker wins George A. Miller Prize in Cognitive Neuroscience

    Steven Pinker, the Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology, was named this year’s winner of the George A. Miller Prize in Cognitive Neuroscience, presented by the James S. McDonnell Foundation. Winners of the award are honored for a career of “distinguished and sustained scholarship and research at the cutting-edge of cognitive neuroscience,” and for “extraordinary innovation and high impact on international scientific thinking.”

    Pinker, who conducts research on language and cognition, delivered the George A. Miller Lecture on April 18 at the annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society.

  • Buying a Droid Incredible Today? Verizon Recommends These Apps

    In case you haven’t heard, the Droid Incredible has gone on sale today at Verizon stores around the country.  You can get your hands on the latest super phone for $199.99 with a 2-year agreement.  If you head to want to save yourself some money, head to Wirefly and pick one up for $149.99 with the same stipulation.  Once you get your phone, these are some of the first apps you will want to download.  That is if you follow Verizon’s recommendation.

    • NFL Mobile – Exclusive to Verizon Wireless customers, NFL Mobile provides the latest news and information, including in-depth profiles of current players and draft prospects, team updates, mock drafts, expert analysis and more.  NFL Mobile is free for a limited time.
    • My Verizon – Customers can use this free app to access their Verizon Wireless accounts to get balances, usage numbers and payment information and to update features, services and Family SharePlan® lines.
    • Breadcrumbz – This free app allows customers to create personalized picture routes, which can be shared with friends and the world to use at a later time.  Using images, maps and voice markers, customers can build routes that go off road or inside buildings.
    • Visual Voice Mail – Instead of dialing in to voice mail, customers can use Visual Voice Mail ($2.99 monthly subscription) to access and manage voice mail messages by scrolling through their inboxes to pick the messages they need to listen to, delete or reply to.  Customers can choose to respond to their voice mails immediately via text message or callback.
    • Skype mobile™ Another app exclusive to Verizon Wireless, Skype mobile allows customers to make unlimited Skype-to-Skype calls for free anywhere in the world.  Skype mobile is always on, so customers remain connected anytime, anywhere in the United States.

    Any seasoned Android owners out there have any recommendations of their own?  Share them in the comments below.

    Might We Suggest…

    • High Demand Puts Droid Incredible On Back-Order

      Okay, so if you want a Droid Incredible before May 4th, you may want to head down to your local Verizon store.  The official Verizon website has already thrown up a semi-warning that the Droid Inc…


  • UTSI Students Win American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Awards

    TULLAHOMA — Two students from the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) have been recognized for their research at one of the nation’s top aeronautic conferences.

    The students attending the 2010 Southeastern Regional Student Conference of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) were awarded second and third place in the Masters Division. The conference, held in Destin, Fla. on April 8-9, included over 300 delegates from 14 universities from the southeastern region.

    Nadim Zgheib won second place for his paper, “Asymptotic Solutions for Longitudinal Waves in Solid Rocket Motors” and Michel Akiki won third place for his paper “Compressible Integral Formulation of the Two-Dimensional Porous Channel Flow.” The studies focused on the analytical and numerical modeling of either wave propagation or compressible mean flow description in simulated solid rocket motors.

    The two studies were supervised by UTSI Professor Joseph Majdalani who appears as second author on both papers.

    Zgheib and Akiki are both from Kesrouan, Lebanon, and both graduated from Notre Dame University shortly before joining UTSI. In 2009, they received their master’s degrees in aerospace engineering. Michel is currently working toward his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering. Zgheib has received a graduate school fellowship to pursue his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering at the University of Florida.

    AIAA is the world’s largest professional society devoted to the progress of engineering and science in aviation, space and defense.

    C O N T A C T :

    Whitney Holmes (865-974-5469, [email protected])

    Madge Gibson (931-393-7213, [email protected])

  • 15 Facts You Absolutely Need To Know About Phosphorus

    phosphorus crisis

    Everyone’s talking about the phosphorus crisis! (See NY Times, Der Spiegel, Foreign Policy).

    It turns out we’re running out of this critical element that’s necessary for fertilizer.

    And if we run out, we’ll be set back fifty years in agriculture — and that means billions of people without food.

    So we thought we’d break it all down.

    Phosphorus makes up around 12% of all commercial fertilizer. It is irreplaceable.

    Phosphorus makes up around 12% of all commercial fertilizer. It is irreplaceable.

    Source: Scientific American

    Phosphorus-based fertilizer enabled us to feed a global population that has tripled since WW2… and will increase 33% by 2050

    Phosphorus-based fertilizer enabled us to feed a global population that has tripled since WW2... and will increase 33% by 2050

    Source: Dana Cordell at Linköping University

    Use of phosphorous rock has increased 1100% since WW2

    Use of phosphorous rock has increased 1100% since WW2

    Source: Dana Cordell at Linköping University

    Over half of phosphorus consumption takes place in the developing world and is growing rapidly

    Over half of phosphorus consumption takes place in the developing world and is growing rapidly

    Source: Dana Cordell at Linköping University

    Moderate estimates put global demand at 3% increase per year

    Moderate estimates put global demand at 3% increase per year

    Source: Dana Cordell at Linköping University

    Unfortunately, we’re hitting peak phosphorous in 2035

    Unfortunately, we're hitting peak phosphorous in 2035

    Source: Dana Cordell at Linköping University

    Phosphorus is technically a renewable resource… but it takes ten million years to return to the soil

    Phosphorus is technically a renewable resource... but it takes ten million years to return to the soil

    Source: Dana Cordell at Linköping University

    90% of global reserves is controlled by five countries: Morocco, China, South Africa, USA, and Jordan

    90% of global reserves is controlled by five countries: Morocco, China, South Africa, USA, and Jordan

    Source: Dana Cordell at Linköping University

    America’s phosphorus production is declining… and will be exhausted by 2050

    America's phosphorus production is declining... and will be exhausted by 2050

    Source: Scientific American

    After exporting for decades, America now imports 10% of its supply

    After exporting for decades, America now imports 10% of its supply

    Source: Foreign Policy

    China imposed a 135% phosphorus tariff in 2008 (thankfully we have a trade deal with Morocco)

    China imposed a 135% phosphorus tariff in 2008 (thankfully we have a trade deal with Morocco)

    Oil shortages recently caused an 800% spike in phosphate prices… contributing to high food costs and worldwide riots

    Oil shortages recently caused an 800% spike in phosphate prices... contributing to high food costs and worldwide riots

    Source: Dana Cordell at Linköping University

    Phosphate costs seven times more today than it did in 1960

    Phosphate costs seven times more today than it did in 1960

    Source: USDA

    The only option is massive industrial treatment of waste water to recover phosphorus.

    The only option is massive industrial treatment of waste water to recover phosphorus.

    Source: Dana Cordell at Linköping University and Der Spiegel

    And now, a brief history of phosphorus

    And now, a brief history of phosphorus

    Phosphorus was the Greek name for the morning star, also known as Lucifer.

    The element was discovered in 1669 when a German alchemist boiled down 50 buckets of urine in search of the Philosopher’s Stone.

    Phosphorus was used in incendiary bombs in WW2. It also has industrial applications, such as in laundry detergent.

    But the most important use (90% of consumption) is in fertilizer.

    This is why we have a phosphorus problem…

    This is why we have a phosphorus problem...

    12 Charts On The Amazing History Of Human Economic Development

    Join the conversation about this story »


  • Act III: China, GPSII and RCIIIT. Get used to it.

    To the right of us – Greece, Portugal, Spain and perhaps Italy and Ireland (GPSII):

    How Reversible Is The Euro- – Paul Krugman Blog – NYTimes.com

    For a long time my view on the euro has been that it may well have been a mistake, but that bygones were bygones — it could not be undone…

    …but what if the bank runs and financial crisis happen anyway? In that case the marginal cost of leaving falls dramatically, and in fact the decision may effectively be taken out of policymakers’ hands…

    …if Greece is in effect forced out of the euro, what happens to other shaky members?

    I think I’ll go hide under the table now.

    and to the left of us – China:

    Andy Xie – I’ll Tell You When Chinese Bubble Is About to Burst – Credit Writedowns

    “My maid just asked for leave,” a friend in Beijing told me recently. “She’s rushing home to buy property. I suggested she borrow 70 percent, so she could cap the loss.”

    Sigh. It’s not over. Act I was the NASDAQ (remember the NASDAQ?) tech bubble. Act II was the property/asset bubble. Act III takes place in Europe and China.

    It really does feel like a world of hurt down here, and we haven’t even hit Peak Oil (but it’s on the way.)

    We all wonder why. Why now? A year ago I made up my personal list of 10 contributing causes (Feb 09) and, recently, I wrote up one way out of America’s particular set of challenges.

    Since then I’ve been chipping at the list, looking for the cause of the cause of the cause (etc – go too deep and it’s all entropy). Sure we’ve got above average corruption and economic financialization, but those tendencies have always been with us. This feels like something novel, something that, in modern times, has come along every century or so. (In deep history every 2,000 years or so.)

    I’m nominating two independent but self-reinforcing causes – information technology (IT) and the Rise of China and India (RCI, aka globalization).

    The Rise of China and India (RCI) has been like strapping a jet engine with a buggy throttle onto a dune buggy. We can go real fast, but we can also get airborne – without wings. Think about the disruption of German unification – and multiply than ten thousand times.

    RCI would probably have caused a Great Recession even without any technological transformations.

    Except we have had  technological transformation – and it’s far from over. I don’t think we can understand what IT has done to our world – we’re too embedded in the change and too much of it is invisible. When the cost of transportation fell dramatically we could see the railroad tracks. When the cost of information generation and communication fell by a thousandfold it was invisible.

    The IT transformation is not stopping. If anything, it’s accelerating. There are more than 350 million mobile phone subscriptions in Africa.

    Think about that for a minute.

    In five years Africa will have at least 500 million 2010 iPhone/Droid interconnected equivalent devices, and Google’s sentence-salad English/China translation will probably work. I’m still thinking we miss Kurzweil’s 2045 catastrophe, but the prelude will be rough enough.

    RCI and IT (RCIIT?) Alone each would have thrown the world for a loop. Together they’ve put us into an entirely new level of future shock.

    We might as well get used to it.

  • Want an Incredible? Better hit a store — fast

    Verizon Droid Incredible shipping

    If for some reason you can’t make it to a Verizon store to buy an Incredible in person, you’re going to have to wait a few days. Verizon’s website says new orders won’t ship until May 4 — a testament to the phone’s popularity (or initial low inventory). That’s echoed by reports in our forums discussing limited in-store inventory. Anybody out there have a hard time getting one?


  • EPA recognizes Harvard as a leader in green power purchasers

    Harvard University has been announced as one of three schools in the Ivy League that were recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as 2009-10 Collective Conference Champions for using green power. The Collective Conference Champions Award recognizes the conference, and its respective participating schools, whose collective green power purchase was the largest among all participating conferences.

    Since April 2006, the EPA’s Green Power Partnership has tracked and recognized the collegiate athletic conferences with the highest combined green power purchases in the nation. The EPA recognized Harvard University for its purchase, which contributed to making the Ivy League the challenge’s largest overall purchaser of green power.

    Harvard’s voluntary use of nearly 32 million kilowatt-hours (kwh) of green power represents 10 percent of the school’s annual electricity usage. Harvard is purchasing a utility green power product and renewable energy certificates from Essex Hydro Associates and Sterling Planet. In addition, the school generates on-site renewable electricity, which helps to reduce the environmental impacts associated with the campus’s electricity use.

    The EPA estimates that Harvard University’s purchase of nearly 32 million kwh of green power is equivalent to the CO2 emissions from the electricity use of nearly 3,000 average American homes each year or has the equivalent impact of reducing the CO2 emissions of more than 4,000 passenger cars annually. The Ivy League’s collective green power purchase of more than 225 million kwh of green power is equivalent to the CO2 emissions from the electricity use of nearly 20,000 average American homes or the annual CO2 emissions of nearly 31,000 cars.

    Twenty-six collegiate conferences and 54 colleges and universities competed in the 2009-10 challenge, collectively purchasing nearly 1.2 billion kwh of green power. The EPA will extend the College and University Green Power Challenge for a fifth year, to conclude in spring of 2011. The EPA’s Green Power Challenge is open to all U.S. colleges, universities, and conferences. In order to qualify, a collegiate athletic conference must include at least one school that qualifies as a Green Power Partner, and the conference must collectively meet EPA’s minimum conference purchase requirement.

    For more information about the EPA’s College and University Green Power Challenge, visit the Challenge Web site.

  • Floating LNG plant to be built near East Timor

    The ABC reports that Woodside are looking to build a floating LNG production platform for the Sunrise field between Darwin and East Timor (with the East Timorese continuing to lobby vigorously for the plant to be built there) – Floating LNG plant to be built near East Timor

    After years of speculation, the Sunrise Joint Venture has finally announced it will build a floating liquefied natural gas processing plant in the Timor Sea. The Greater Sunrise field is in both Australian and Timorese waters, about 700 kilometres north-west of Darwin, and the two countries will have an equal share of royalties.

    The floating rig means Darwin will miss out on having a multi-billion dollar plant built there. Operator Woodside Petroleum says after considering on-shore LNG processing in both Darwin and East Timor, the joint venture partners, which include Osaka Gas, Shell and ConocoPhillips, decided a floating plant was the most viable.

    Woodside CEO Don Voelte says the decision is a boon for the new but impoverished democracy. “We expect that the selection of a floating LNG processing option will, in addition to generating significant long-term petroleum revenue, provide a broad range of social investment, employment and training opportunities for Timor-Leste.”


  • Shinagel receives service citation

    Michael Shinagel, Harvard dean of Continuing Education and University Extension, is the recipient of the 2010 Walton S. Bittner Service Citation from the University Continuing Education Association (UCEA). The award recognizes him for his outstanding contributions to continuing education at Harvard, and for service of major significance to UCEA.

    Among Shinagel’s achievements cited are his work with Harvard’s human resource department to establish the Tuition Assistance Plan (TAP) in 1976; his expansion of the Harvard Extension School from fewer than 200 courses and 6,000 students in 1975, to more than 600 courses and 14,000 students today; the creation of Harvard Extension School master’s degree programs in the liberal arts that have graduated 2,000 individuals to date; and his service as editor of UCEA’s “Continuing Higher Education Review” for the past 13 years.

    Admired by his continuing education decanal counterparts around the world, Shinagel’s contributions to his institution and UCEA are summed up by Mary McIntire, dean of Continuing Studies, Rice University: “Mike generously helps all who seek his advice or opinion. He encourages younger people in the field, not only by example, but by maintaining an active interest in their careers and accomplishments. He has succeeded so admirably at Harvard, in the community, and in the field … we are fortunate to have him among us.”

  • Oh Hey, Steve Jobs Officially Thinks Flash Sucks [Apple]

    If Apple’s position on Flash wasn’t perfectly clear, Steve Jobs has taken the time to write a 1500-word open letter regurgitating the party lines at length. In a word (or three), Apple’s position is “Flash sucks unwashed balls.” More »







  • Ronnie Fieg x Sebago Dockside Collection for David Z.

    Ronnie Fieg works with Sebago to put together a collection of 4 exclusive classic Docksides. The idea behind the project was to update a classic silouhette with antique and oiled leathers as well as new colors in soft nubucks. This collection reflects the amazing craftsmanship of the 64 year old company. The midnight navy oily leather, two tone brown/green Spinnaker, brown antique leather and Salmon soft nubuck docksides will all be available at the David Z. flagship store as well as David Z.com on Friday April 30th at 10:00am.

    Continue reading for more images.